An Introduction to Marxist Economic Theory

An Introduction to Marxist ECONOMIC THEORY Ernest Mandel 2 An IntroductIon to MArxIst EconoMIc ) was the most compelling type of Marxist financial hypothesis in the Western world during the second 50% of the twentieth century, and is most popular for his marvelous two-volume work Marxist Economic Theory (1962) and his splendid Late Capitalism (1972).In the previous, he exhibited that it was conceivable, based on the contemporary information, to reconstitute the entire monetary arrangement of Karl Marx 100 years after the primary distribution of Marx’s Capital. In the last work, Mandel gave a clarification of the reasons for the 20-year â€Å"wave† of fast development of the world industrialist economy after World War II, which likewise exhibited that it would before long be trailed by a vaguely â€Å"long wave† of much more slow monetary development, and intermittent social and political emergencies in the created entrepreneur countries.Late Capitalism additional ly gave the principal complete investigation of the new highlights of worldwide free enterprise that rose in the post-war period and that are still with us today †transnational partnerships as the prevailing type of entrepreneur business association, the colossal development of the administrations area, the vital job of state consumption in propping up a financial framework set apart by budgetary shakiness, long haul stagnation punctuated by theoretical blasts, careless commercialization and quickening natural destruction.This handout, which was first distributed in French in 1964, gives a compact composition of the basic princples of Marxist financial hypothesis. In the primary area, Mandel clarifies the fundamental classifications of Marx’s monetary tenet from the development of the social excess item to the work hypothesis of significant worth. In the subsequent segment, he clarifies the essential laws of movement of private enterprise and its inalienable contradictio ns.In the last second, he applies these to a portion of the new highlights showed by the new phase of colonialist free enterprise that developed after the subsequent universal war, which at the time he named â€Å"neo-capitalism†. In his progressively full grown work Late Capitalism, Mandel surrendered this term for the assignment â€Å"late capitalism†, disclosing in the prologue to 4 An IntroductIon to MArxIst EconoMIc thEory that work that the assignment â€Å"neo-capitalism† could be erroneously â€Å"interpreted to suggest either an extreme congruity or irregularity with customary capitalism†.Instead, Mandel focused on that the â€Å"era recently free enterprise is definitely not another age of entrepreneur advancement [but] simply a further improvement of the radical, restraining infrastructure industrialist epoch† with â€Å"the qualities of the settler age counted by Lenin† toward the start of the twentieth century remaining â€Å"f ully substantial for late capitalism†.? I. thE thEory of VAluE And surplus VAluE In the last examination, each progression forward throughout the entire existence of civilisation has been realized by an expansion in the efficiency of labour.As long as a given gathering of men scarcely delivered enough to keep itself alive, as long as there was no excess well beyond this important item, it was inconceivable for a division of work to occur and for craftsmans, craftsmen or researchers to show up. Under these conditions, the specialized essentials for such specialization couldn't in any way, shape or form be achieved. socIAl overflow item As long as the efficiency of work stays at a level where one man can just deliver enough for his own means, social division doesn't happen and any social separation inside society is impossible.Under these conditions, all men are makers and they are all on the equivalent monetary level. Each expansion in the profitability of work past this depres sed spot makes a little overflow conceivable, and once there is an excess of items, once man’s two hands can create more than is required for his own resource, at that point the conditions have been set for a battle over how this overflow will be shared. Starting here on, the absolute yield of a social gathering no longer comprises exclusively of work vital for the means of the producers.Some of this work yield may now be utilized to discharge a segment of society from working for its own resource. At whatever point this circumstance emerges, an area of society can turn into a decision class, whose remarkable trademark is its liberation from the need of First introduced at an instructive end of the week sorted out by the Paris Federation of the United Socialist Party in 1963 and in this way distributed in Les Cahiers du Center d’Etudes Socialistes, February 1964. 6 An IntroductIon to MArxIst EconoMIc thEory working for its own subsistence.Thereafter, the work of the ma kers can be partitioned into two sections. A piece of this work keeps on being utilized for the means of the makers themselves and we call this part vital work; the other part is utilized to keep up the decision class and we give it the name surplus work. Let us show this by the away from of ranch servitude, as it existed in specific districts and times of the Roman Empire, or as we discover it in the West Indies and the islands of Portuguese Africa beginning with the seventeenth century, on the extraordinary manors which were set up there.In these tropical zones, even the slave’s food was by and large not gave by the ace; the slave needed to create this himself by working a small plot of ground on Sundays and the items from this work established his store of food. On six days of the week the slave dealt with the manor and got in kind none of the results of his work. This is the work which makes a social excess item, gave up by the slave when it is delivered and having a plac e exclusively with the slavemaster.The work week, which for this situation is seven days, can be partitioned into two sections: crafted by one day, Sunday, comprises fundamental work, that work which gives the items to the resource of the slave and his family; crafted by the other six days is surplus work and the entirety of its items go to the ace, are utilized for his food and his advancement too. The incredible spaces of the early Middle Ages outfit us with another outline. The place that is known for these areas was partitioned into three sections: the public terrains comprising of backwoods, glades, swamps, and so on the land worked by the serf for his own and his family’s means; lastly, the land worked by the serf so as to keep up the primitive master. The work week during this period was normally six days, not seven. It was isolated into halves: the serf worked three days on the land from which the yield had a place with him; the other three days he took a shot at the primitive lord’s land, without compensation, providing free work to the decision class. The results of every one of these two altogether different kinds of work can be characterized in various terms.When the maker is performing fundamental work, he is creating a vital item. At the point when he is performing surplus work, he is creating a social overflow item. In this manner, social overflow item is that piece of social creation which is delivered by the working class yet appropriated by the decision class, paying little mind to the structure the social excess item may accept, regardless of whether this be one of characteristic items, or wares to be sold, or cash. Surplus worth is basically the financial type of the social overflow item. The Theory of Value and Surplus Value When the decision class appropriates the piece of society’s creation recently characterized as â€Å"surplus product† solely in the money related structure, at that point we utilize the term â€Å"surplus value† rather than â€Å"surplus product†. As we will see later on, be that as it may, the above just establishes a primer way to deal with the meaning of surplus worth. How does social excess item appear? It emerges as a result of an unnecessary allotment, that is, an appointment without pay, by a decision class of a piece of the creation of a delivering class.When the slave worked six days every week on an estate and the absolute result of his work was taken by the ace with no remuneration to the slave, the birthplace of the social overflow item here is in the unwarranted work, the uncompensated work, provided by the captive to the ace. At the point when the serf worked three days per week on the lord’s land, the starting point of this salary, of this social excess item, is additionally to be found in the uncompensated work, the needless work, outfitted by the serf.We will see further on that the birthplace of industrialist surplus worth, in oth er words, the income of the common class in entrepreneur society, is the very same: it is uncompensated work, unnecessary work, which the lowly, the compensation specialist, gives the entrepreneur without accepting any an incentive in return. Wares, usE VAluE And ExchAngE VAluE We have now built up a few essential definitions which will be utilized all through this work. Various others must be included now. Each result of human work ordinarily has utility; it must have the option to fulfill a human need.We may subsequently say that each result of human work has an utilization esteem. The term â€Å"use value† will, in any case, be utilized in two unique detects. We will discuss the utilization estimation of an item; we will likewise discuss use esteems, as when we allude, for instance, to a general public wherein just use esteems are delivered, in other words, where items are made for direct utilization either by the makers themselves or by administering classes which suitabl e them. Along with this utilization esteem, a result of human work can likewise have another worth, a trade value.It might be delivered for trade available spot, to be sold, as opposed to for direct utilization by the makers or by we

A Mans Vision Of Love Essay Example For Students

A Mans Vision Of Love: Essay A Mans Vision of Love:An Examination of William Broyles Jr.s Esquire Article Why Men Love WarHistory 266 Sec 004The University of Michigan11-22-2000Prepared For Ken SwopePrepared ByMike MartinezMen love war since it permits them to look genuine. Since they envision it is the one thing that stops ladies giggling at them. In it they can diminish ladies to the status of articles. This is the extraordinary qualification between the genders. Men see objects, ladies see the connection between objects. Regardless of whether the articles need one another, affection one another, coordinate one another. It is an additional component of feeling we men are without and one that makes war despicable to every single genuine lady and silly. I will mention to you what war is. War is a psychosis brought about by a powerlessness to see connections. Our relationship with our kindred men. Our relationship with out monetary and recorded circumstance. Or more the entirety of our relationship to nothingness . To death. John Fowles in The MagusA Mans Vision of Love:An Examination of William Broyles Jr.s Esquire Article Why Men Love WarThe truth that war is both excellent just as sickening is an incredible equivocalness for men. In his article for Esquire magazine in 1985 William Broyles Jr endeavors to express this uncertainty while being somewhat indistinct himself. From one perspective Broyles says that men don't yearn for the great male experience of doing battle, while then again he says that men who return realize that they have dove into a region of their spirit which most men are always unable to. Broyles says that men love war for some reasons some undeniable and some clearly upsetting. Numerous books bolster this idea while barely any wanderer a long way from the confirmation of affection. I accept that most sources show that men do in truth love war in a general manly way. I additionally accept that the sources that don't admit to this affection for war don't in light of the creators novel , up close and personal involvement in wars most serious barbarities. I feel that the sources, while very few can dependably represent the normal trooper in any war in the twentieth century, which Broyles applies his contention to. Accounts of battle furnish a method of adapting to a key strain of war: in spite of the fact that the demonstration of executing someone else in fight may conjure an influx of sick misery, it might likewise prompt exceptional sentiments of delight. William Broyles was one of many battle fighters who explained this uncertainty. In 1984, this previous Marine investigated a portion of the logical inconsistencies characteristic in recounting to war stories. With the recognizable, definitive voice of 'one-who-has-been-there, Broyles declared that when battle officers were examined concerning their war encounters they for the most part said that they would not like to discuss it, suggesting that they 'detested it so much, it was horrible to the point that they would incline toward it to remain 'buried.'(Broyles 68) Not things being what they are, Broyles proceeded, 'I accept that most men who have been to war would need to concede, on the off chance that they are straightforward, that some place inside themselves they cherished it too.'(Broyles 68) How could that be disclosed to loved ones, he inquired? Indeed, even companions in-arms were watchful among themselves: veterans reunions were ungainly events correctly on the grounds that the upbeat parts of butcher were hard to admit in all conditions. To depict battle as agreeable resembled confessing to being a ruthless savage: to recognize that the conclusive truce caused as much anguish as losing an incredible sweetheart could just move disgrace. However, Broyles perceived that there were many reasons why battle may be appealing, even pleasurable. Comradeship, with its clashing assimilation of the self inside the gathering, engaged some principal human inclination. And afterward there was the magnificent force given upon people by war. For men, battle was what could be compared to labor: it was the inception into the intensity of life and death.(Broyles 70) Broyles wanted to sit quiet about the 'existence angle, howe ver contended that the excitement of devastation was overwhelming. A bazooka or a M-60 automatic rifle was an enchantment blade or a snorts Excalibur: everything you do is move that finger so vaguely, only a desire moving quickly over your psyche like a shadow, not so much as a full mind neural connection, and poof! in an impact of sound and vitality and light a truck or a house or even individuals vanish, everything flying and settling once again into dust. (Broyles 36)In numerous ways, war resembled sport which, by pushing men to their physical and passionate cutoff points, could give profound fulfillment (for the survivors, that is). Broyles compared the satisfaction produced by the game of war to the honest joys of kids playing cowhands and Indians, reciting the abstain, 'blast, youre dead! or on the other hand to the enticing anticipation grown-ups understanding while at the same time watching battle films as springs of phony blood splatter the screen and on-screen characters f all, slaughtered. There was more to the joys of battle than this, said Broyles. Slaughtering had a profound reverberation and a stylish strength. Butcher was an issue of extraordinary and enchanting excellence. For battle troopers, there was as much mechanical polish in a M-60 assault rifle as there was for medieval warriors in embellished blades. (Broyles 71) Esthetic tastes were frequently exceptionally close to home. The experience appeared to take after profound illumination or sexual sensuality. In reality in the two sources which I have decided to help Broyles, sexuality and strategic maneuver significant jobs. In The Coldest War, James Brady examines his involvement with the Korean War. He expects his story to be normal of the normal warrior during the contention. Brady talks about his time in Korea principally as a developing encounter. He went into the war as a frightful 23-year-old and came out a man who had experienced a war. In the wake of joining military school to avoid the draft, Brady was sent to Korea without the craving to battle. One of Broyles contentions is that men are not raised to cherish war. He contends that you must be through it before you recognize what regions of your spirit you have dug into. For Brady the war itself was not to be cherished. The slaughtering was not the object of his love as he plainly states in his novel, however Bradys journal fits in with the majority of the reasons which Broyles gives as intention in men to cherish war. The suffering feeling of waris comradeship, says Broyles on page 70 of Why Men Love War. One of the subjects of Bradys epic is unquestionably kinship. Bradys relationship with Mack Allen just as with Chaffee and different individuals from his rifle unit shows the significance of fellowship in his adoration for war. He affectionately recollects Mack Allen and has seen his kindred lieutenant since the war. Brady fortifies this by expressing that Everyone does battle alone. (Brady 13) By differentiating this to the companions whom he discusses and shows pictures of it becomes clear that his confidants were essential to his sentiments about war. Despite the fact that he focuses on the preposterousness of murdering, Brady gives us his perspective on war as far as fellowship and not just viciousness. Icedelights EssayTim OBrien is a Vietnam veteran much like William Broyles Jr. The two men are currently popular for their announcing aptitudes and for their war stories. The primary distinction between the two is that while Broyles states that he burned through the greater part of his visit in Vietnam without episode (Broyles 68), OBrien was in Alpha Company whose zone of watch was Mai Lai the year after the slaughter of the town. He likewise recounts to numerous awfulness accounts of companions kicking the bucket while inside sight. (OBrien see kiddie apron.) The Vietnam in Me recounts OBriens wartime experiences, yet additionally of his own life previously and since Vietnam. He depicts bombed relationship with Kate, a genuine sweetheart, just as his childhood. His visit in Vietnam doesn't fit a great part of the shape that Broyles has set. OBrien account gives a lot of proof with regards to why he would feel the manner in which he does about war considering our past investigations. On the issue on fellowship being the suffering feeling of war, OBriens story loans support. The things that OBrien says that he adored during the war were family companions and everything that may be lost or never become. His best rascal in Alpha organization was Chip. Chip was a dark trooper with whom OBrien had become old buddies. In May of 1969 Chip was exploded. Being that OBrien doesn't show any adoration for war the way that probably the closest companion, and the suffering passionate outlet of war says Broyles, was executed so savagely reveals insight into why OBrien doesn't fit Broyles thoughts. The other significant motivation behind why OBrien doesn't cherish war is a direct result of his association with the Mai Lai slaughter. In spite of the fact that Alpha Company was not around until a year after the slaughter, OBrien doesn't have an affectionate memory of this experience. During the war he had the option to stroll through the town and was ignorant that anything strange had ever occurred, yet in his article he returns to the territory and meetings a portion of the survivors. He expresses that after the meetings he visits the dump where the individuals were shot and feels the blame chills. Clearly his memory of his own association has been influenced by an aggregate memory of this awfulness. Consequently, his companions incredible passing and his association with the Mai Lai slaughter, OBrien is the sort of officer who might not fit into William Broyles perspective on men cherishing war. The records, but anecdotal, in Company K show the impact of capably appalling occasions on keeps an eye on adoration for war. Organization K isn't the a direct source in the manner that the above diaries are, yet it can furnish perusers with a general record of a companys feeling of affection for war. The tale portrays an organization during World War I, and by and large tells the most exceedingly terrible of what war brings to the table. A significant number of the vignettes are stories of what James Brady would get irritating out. Two occasions encompassing Company K show how these occasions can bring about a keeps an eye on adoration, or scarcity in that department, for war. William March, the creator of Company K, was in certainty a warrior during Word War I. Little is known about

The Transformational Leadership-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Compose a Review Reflection on Transformational Leadership and Performance Across Criteria and Levels-A Meta Analytic Review of 25 years of Research. Answer: Reflection In the course of the most recent three decades, the transformational administration has developed as being one of the famous ideal models to have the option to perceive the adequacy of the initiative. The transformational reasoning keeps on being relying upon the thought that various pioneer conduct may improve the adherents esteems, needs, goals, needs and rouse every one of them to have the option to execute a long ways past the call of the obligation (Wang, Courtright, Colbert, 2011). One critical build that catches the exhibition of the adherents that past the call of the obligation is a hierarchical domain which support on the presentation of the assignment. In the present unpredictable and quick paced associations, I have discovered that the workers additional job conduct which will go past the constrained rundown of the duties they have gotten significant for the achievement of the association. The authoritative resident conduct is related as per the general inclination of the clients, low turnover, with the high in the job of the exhibition. With regards to the pioneer devotee relationship, the OCB could be fit best to mirror the supporter execution results (Wang, Courtright, Colbert, 2011). Participating in or in any event, retaining intentional additional job conduct is an increasingly adaptable and saver implies in reimbursing pioneer treatment when contrasted with the assignment execution. I have discovered that the transformational authority is connected decidedly to the exhibition over the various measure sorts notwithstanding levels of the investigation. The transformational administration by and large has an all the more remarkable relationship concerning the individual level relevant execution contrasted with the individual level assignment execution (Wang, Courtright Colbert, 2011). I have likewise discovered that the transformational authority keeps on being decidedly connected with the group and association level execution. The transformational authority hypothesis typically underline on the basic job with regards to the transformational pioneers with regards to improving the presentation all over the different degrees of the associations. In a large portion of the case the transformational pioneers generally express their certainty that the group would accomplish their objectives, which prompts the more elevated levels of the strength of the group (Wang, Courtright, Colbert, 2011). The transformational pioneers in the majority of the case support more elevated levels of the group attachment and this has appeared to encourage coordination and participation among the gathering individuals. I have realized that transformational administration practices are significant for starting the relationship. At the level of the business the transformational pioneers sway surely the exhibition through correspondence of vision which serves to empower the laborers and simultaneously adjust their endeavors (Wang, Courtright, Colbert, 2011). The transformational pioneers additionally have been found to impact the exhibition of the business through the immediate administration to the organization heads of the group. These individuals are getting the chance to be the good example particularly to the pioneers at the lower levels, which advances the transformational authority through the association. I have additionally recognized that transformational pioneers could affect on the hierarchical presentation through the effect on the authoritative atmosphere, frameworks just as techniques, subsequently coming about to the workplace to be increasingly conductive to the transformational initiative. Reference Wang, G., Oh, I. S., Courtright, S. H., Colbert, A. E. (2011). Transformational authority and execution across standards and levels: A meta-diagnostic audit of 25 years of research. Gathering Organization Management, 36(2), 223-270

Good Essay Tips - How to Write Your First Good Essay

Good Essay Tips - How to Write Your First Good EssayThe thesis statement is the single most important part of your application for admission to your college or university. It not only sets the tone of your essay, but it helps you get accepted in the first place. It should be taken the time to spell it out in clear, concise language. If you can't think of anything that you would like to say that would be very catchy, consider using catchy, less clear and literal terms.First and foremost, you should consider trying to think of a good thesis statement that is original. Most colleges don't want to hear a rehash of an older thesis. There is so much competition among students to write the best that you'll be more likely to find a better thesis if you have tried to come up with something that doesn't sound like a rehash.The most creative way of coming up with a thesis statement is to start with an example of an issue or idea that has been around a long time. You can use this example to give examples of how this statement would apply to the issue. It's always a good idea to make sure your idea of the problem or the idea isn't too far off the beaten path.An interesting topic will usually draw attention to your own opinion and reasoning. It's important to have a plan in mind about how you would use this example to support your own point of view. If you've never done an example before, you might have to read up on it to help you get started.Once you have the thesis statement figured out, the next step is to take it to your college or university. Remember that your college or university is the only institution that will actually read it and make sure it is something that you can actually publish or have in print. They will not be happy if you are a three-time plagiarizer or have never written a thesis statement before. It is a good idea to write your statement, first off, as if you were on the computer and trying to create the best essay that you can.First and most importa nt, make sure that the sentence structure is clear and concise. Make sure that the words are used correctly. You don't want to waste time and make grammar errors. Finally, be sure that the last sentence does a complete job of summarizing your points, as it is your final point.Good thesis statements will get you into your dream school. So remember that it's the thesis that's the biggest deciding factor when it comes to who you are and where you go to school.

The Importance of Interdependence and International...

The Importance of Interdependence and International Cooperation We are not a nation alone in the world. We do not make up the beliefs, developmental status, and environment of the entire globe. To act as if there is no interdependence within states is not only ridiculous, but also dangerous. Professor Squibwell draws attention to this issue, and while his views may be a little extreme in the statement that â€Å"the world functions as a single integrated unit,† he is accurate in suggesting that we â€Å"collaborate with other states, strengthen international organizations, and support the humanitarian and educational activities of international civil society.† International relations are dictated, to a large degree, by a set of norms. While†¦show more content†¦It therefore must produce the items for which it has a comparative advantage and trade those goods for those that another country had a comparative advantage for producing. While each nation may be working for his own gain in trade, there is also a concern for the overall gains of all states. Mercantilism may have worked in the past, but in today’s world it is important to create strong foundations for the future. Selfishness and personal gain is not doing anything of value in the world. Interdependence is also furthered economically with the importance of multinational corporations (MNCs). These mostly private institutions conduct business in more than one state concurrently and are located mainly in the world’s leading industrialized states. MNCs are important to states in that they generate new wealth. For the most part, they are industrial corporations that sell products made in factories all over the world to consumers in different states. Also under the heading of MNCs are service corporations. These include chains of restaurants, hotels, airlines, and other businesses that operate by providing services. Financial corporations are also considered multinational corporations. With most of the world’s banks being Japanese or European and money moving across borders as much as $1.5 trillion each day (Goldstein, 423), banks and other financial corporations make up some of the most integrated institutions of the world.Show MoreRelatedCooperation Between Nations And The Involvement Of International Institutions898 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the more pessimistic view of international cooperation of neorealists, neoliberals believe that cooperation can be a norm in international relations. Neoliberals see that cooperation is possible due to the interdependence of nations and the involvement of international institutions. Even though neoliberals have this outlook on cooperation, they still share the same core ideas of neorealists, but reject their conclusions. 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The issue of collective good has to be think in terms of international policies Collective goods are, in theory, goods or services which represent two characteristics. The first one, called non-rivalry, means that the consumption of the good by an actor does not prevent its consumption by another one. The second characteristic, the exclusion, means that nobody is excluded from the consumption ofRead MoreRealism And Liberalism : International Relations, And The Cold War Period939 Words   |  4 PagesRealism and liberalism are the two main theoretical perspectives in International Relations, and both theories provide well developed explanations of the dynamics of the international system on the world stage. A system is a group of units or parts united by some form of regular interaction, in which a change in one unit causes changes in the others. In the international system, the states and sub-state actors, the institutions, and norms regulate their interaction. This implies that these actors

Othello Iago Makes Othello Believe His Wife Is Having an...

Othello: Iago Makes Othello Believe His Wife Is Having An Affair In Shakespeares Othello, Iago carefully and masterfully entraps Othello into believing that his wife, Desdemona, is having an affair with Cassio. He does this through a series of suggestions and hesitations that entice and implant images into Othellos head that lead him to his own demise. More importantly, Iago gives Othello the motive to murder his own innocent wife Desdemona, satisfying Iagos immense appetite for revenge. The motive for Iagos devious plan is initially made clear in the first of three major soliloquies, in which he proclaims Othello has had an affair with his wife, Emilia: And it is thought abroad that twixt my sheets/ Hes done my office†¦show more content†¦With Cassios reputation squandered, Iago subsequently hooks in Cassio by taking advantage of the fact that he is in a state in which he would do anything to acquire his job, position, and reputation back. Iago guides him to seek Desdemona to get It back: Our Generals wife is/ now the General...She is so free, so kind, so apt, so blessed a disposition, she holds it a vice in her/ goodness not to do more than she is requested... (II.iii. 304-310). Iago knows Desdemona is extremely naive. While Cassio is talking to Desdemona about asking Othello to take him back, Iago is implanting sexual images of Cassio and Desdemona in Othellos mind. The more Desdemona pleads to Othello about this matter, the more Othello believes that Cassio is sleeping with his wife. Furthermore, the more he refuses Desdemonas wishes, the more she pleads, thereby creating an inescapable knot that never ceases to tighten around all three characters. For his plan to successfully work; however, Iago first had to carefully gain trust from all of the characters. Being a master of deception, this was not very difficult. The declarations of love he spoke so strongly of throughout the play was enough to fool everyone: I think you think I love you...I protest, in the sincerety of love and kindness... Evidently he does deceive the characters in the play through their words:(Othello) Thy honesty and love doth mince this matter...my friend, thy husband,Show MoreRelated Othello: Iago Makes Othello Believe His Wife Is Having An Affair1105 Words   |  5 Pages Othello: Iago Makes Othello Believe His Wife Is Having An Affair nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Shakespeares quot;Othello,quot; Iago carefully and masterfully entraps Othello into believing that his wife, Desdemona, is having an affair with Cassio. He does this through a series of suggestions and hesitations that entice and implant images into Othellos head that lead him to his own demise. More importantly, Iago gives Othello the motive to murder his own innocent wife Desdemona, satisfyingRead MoreThe Tragic Tragedy Of William Shakespeare s Othello1523 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition fits perfectly with William Shakespeare epic play, Othello. The famous Shakespeare play is about the downfall of a Moorish general who expresses jealousy and murder. Othello was an amazing general for the Venice army, but his downfall cost him everything he loved so dearly. He killed his own wife because he believes Iago’s lies about her cheating on him. His beliefs in Iago cost him everything that is precious to him. Othello can be seen as a great tragedy, and the play filled Aristotle’sRead MoreEssay on Iago; The Representation of Villainy in Othello808 Words   |  4 PagesDictionary. In Othello, Iago fits this definition perfectly though Othello does not recognize that Iago is his enemy until the end of the story. Iago is the evil-minded, backstabbing character in this dramatic story. He demonstrates this villainy act all through out the story beginning with being angry with Othello for not appointing him as lieutenant, his revenge on cassio for taking his place as lieutenant, and setting up Desdemona to look like she is cheating on Othello. His machinations areRead MoreEssay on William Shakespeares Othello1294 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s play Othello, tragedy unfolds on the account of one man’s actions, Iago. He is a twenty eight year old military veteran from Venice. His personality consists of being obsessive, manipulative, relentless, and bold. From the beginning he expressed his hatred towards the Moor, or North African named Othello. Othello is a highly respected general and is also married to the pure Desdemona. The marriage between Othello and Desdemona is destroyed due to Iago’s actions and lies. His actions consistRead MoreExploring the Causes of the Tragedy of Shakespeare ´s Othello1014 Words   |  4 Pagesplay Othello, William Shakespeare uses the literary device characteriza tion in sequence to convey that Othello’s tragic flaw is the main reason that brings Othello to his downfall --- death. The causes of the tragedy of Othello are Othello’s gullibility to Iago, jealousy of Desdemona’s affair, and male pride. To begin, one factor that causes Othello’s downfall is that he is characterized by gullibility. Firstly, Othello is tricked by Iago, who leads him to believe that Desdemona is having an affairRead MoreOthello Persuasive Essay 1427 Words   |  6 Pagesor she will do anything in his or her power to ruin the other individual’s life; this is where the dilemma arises. William Shakespeare, the playwright of Othello portrays a story about a highly honoured character Othello who is the general of the state of Venice. Iago portrays himself as very loyal and true friend to Othello while his other side is much more ruthless and cruel towards the general. Othello gives Michael Cassio a position as his personal lieutenant, but Iago is highly jealous of thisRead MoreUse Of Illusion And Hide Reality Plays A Heavy Role On William Shakespeare s Othello 947 Words   |  4 Pagesillusion to hide reality plays a heavy role in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello†. Ill usion is used frequently throughout the play in relation to love, friendship and character personalities. Some characters, especially Othello, cannot see through the illusion and assume what they see as reality. Iago, however, uses this to his advantage by creating multiple illusions to manipulate the other characters for power and revenge. Iago is seen by most of the characters as an honest and trustworthy man whoRead MoreDestruction by Manipulation in Shakespeare’s Othello Essay828 Words   |  4 Pages William Shakespeare’s Othello, the Moor of Venice is a play of great manipulation and jealousy. Iago is the antagonist character of the play Othello. Iago becomes irate and filled with jealousy when Othello names Michael Cassio as his lieutenant, because Iago believed he should have been the one promoted not Michael Cassio. By manipulating everyone around him, Iago portrays himself as an honest noble man whom can be trusted. Iago being known for the honest man he earns everyone’s trust and thereforeRead MoreThe Eyes Can Deceive By William Shakespeare867 Words   |  4 Pagesplays around with. In the play Othello this theme is very apparent through the plotline of the characters. Characters often believe the only truth they happen to know. However the truth is not always what is really occurring. In many instances the realities of the characters is not always existent. Iago is the main protagonist who deceives everyone in the play. Iago uses the technique of appearanc e vs. reality to ruin the lives of Cassio, Desdemona and Othello. Iago knows just how to manipulateRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of someones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the words

Personhood Chart Management

Question: This chart contains a grid for different philosophical anthropologies that answer the question of personhood. Complete the following chart in the context of defining what it means to be human according to Christianity, Materialism, and your own Personal View. Refer to the assigned reading for explanation of characteristics listed on the left. Christianity Materialism Personal View Relational Multidimensional Sexual Moral Mortal Destined for Eternal Life Destined for eternal life: Answer: Christianity Materialism Personal View Relational The USA has the Christianity followers majority. This to help, that the people to know about the plans gods and the regarding purpose to their life. The followers of the Materialism are the peoples whose to the god thinking is not the control to life of there. The regulation and the rules are important very for the people to leave the proper life. Multidimensional The followers of the Christianity must be aware of the all aspects of culture. They also should know about the tradition of religion there, and the sprit. The followers of the Materialism their life spends as per their views, own belief, thoughts and others. The religion and the culture aspect, that to the important plays roles in the life of individuals. Sexual The sexual life regarding the Christianity that is having different regulation and rules, which followed is to be by the follower of the Christianity. The followers of the Materialism did not follow the any of the rules predefined by the any religion. They performed the activities of sexual as per their beliefs own, views. There are defines of the every religion regulations and the rules for the activities of the sexual, that everyone should followed that. Moral The moral of the Christianity, that to explains the ethics of their, theories, belief and the philosophies. The followers of the every Christianity has live to be their life as these per only. The moral of the Materialism are the every individual different. The follower by the Materialism every, has their belief own and for the life thoughts. The code and the ethics of the conduct these are important very for the happy living and the life of prosperous. Mortal The Christianity mortal are explain of their sins mortal. It helps the people to know about what the acts wrong according to the Christianity are. This is to the people list to explain of the correct and the wrong acts. The individuals of every, they should be wrong avoid acts in their life (Richardson,2015). Destined for Eternal Life The life of the Eternal is the after death life. The Christianity explains that if the performance of the people act wrong then they must send to the hell. If their performance may, good means the acts in their life are good then they meet god, to go to the heaven (Howesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mischel,2015). Strong believe by them, the after death eternal life, that to depend on the own activity of the people. After the death, the lives depend upon the individuals act and that to decide by the God. Reference list Richardson, K. (2015). Technological animism: the uncanny personhood of humanoid machines. Howesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mischel, R. (2015). With This You Can Meet Your Baby: Fetal Personhood and Audible Heartbeats in Oaxacan Public Health.Medical anthropology quarterly.

Mine Disasters Essay Example

Mine Disasters Essay Mining disaster in the past have been referred to mining accidents claiming five or more lives. Mine disasters once were really common. In the single year of 1907 there were 18 coal mine disasters.. Among the disasters in 1907 was historys worst the Monongah coal mine explosion, which claimed 362 lives and impelled Congress to create the Bureau of Mines. I will discuss this disaster more later in this paper. Mine accidents have declined dramatically in number and severity through years of research, technology, and preventive programs. Today mine accidents resulting in five or more deaths are no longer common. However preventing recurrence of disasters like those of the past remains a top priority requiring constant attention by management, labor, and government. Thus, it happened in 1907 when the Fairmont Coal Companys mine at Monongah, West Virginia exploded killing 362 men and boys. Congress reacted to the disaster at Monongah by passing and toughening mining laws. Through disasters such as this one and many others it has forced laws and regulations, technology,and training which has brought us into mining as we know it. In 1910, following a decade in which the number of coal mine fatalities exceeded 2,000 annually, Congress established the Bureau of Mines as a new agency in the Department of the Interior. The Bureau was charged with the responsibility to conduct research and to reduce accidents in the coal mining industry. In 1968 less than five miles from Monongah another explosion had happened and the fire which resulted after killed 78 men at the Consol No 9 mines at Farmington, West Virginia. The Farmington explosion resulted in the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 a far reaching document that promised a new day for the men in an industry that had claimed more than 100,000 lives since 1900. We will write a custom essay sample on Mine Disasters specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mine Disasters specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mine Disasters specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Even before the Farmington mine had exploded in 1968, there were a push going on for a better mine safety law. The Johnson Administration introduced a measure in the fall of 1968 that would dramatically strengthen the governments enforcement tools. It went to Congress too late and didnt hold up. Then came the explosion at Farmington and there were new converts to the cause of mine safety. That is when the Nixon Administration expanded upon the Johnson Administration proposals of 1968 and addressed the potential for mine explosions in proposed legislation. President Nixon went on to sign the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 on December 30, 1969. Enforcement powers in coal mines increased greatly, at that time the Act required four annual inspections for each underground coal mine and two inspections for each surface mine. The Act for the first time established mandatory fines for all violations and criminal penalties for knowing and willful violations which was a big step in the right direction in my opinion. The act eliminated non gassy mines from special legal exemptions. All mines were considered gassy and additional inspections were required. The powers of the inspectors were expanded and the nspectors were given the power to close a mine for imminent danger. Miners were given the right to request a Federal inspection. Safety standards for all coal mines were strengthened under the 1969 Act and health standards were also adopted. The Act also provided benefits to miners disabled by black lung disease. The legacy of the Sunshine Mine disaster is reflect ed in greatly enhanced miner training programs and fire protection measures in metal and nonmetal mines across the country. In 1973 the (MESA) Mine Enforcement and Safety Administration was created out of the Bureau of Mines as the first Federal agency with the sole purpose of assuring miners of a safe, healthful working environment. Standards requiring mine emergency and self rescuer training, regular evacuation drills, and two mine rescue teams at underground metal and nonmetal operations were known by April of 1973. On March 9, 1977, the Agency was transferred from the Department of the Interior to the Department of Labor and was renamed the better known Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). The legislation which was signed by President Jimmy Carter, repealed the Federal Metal and Nonmetal Mine Safety Act and amended the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 to combine protection of coal and metal and nonmetal miners under a single law, the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (the Act). Following passage of the Act, additional required miner training, increased MSHA enforcement activities, and upgraded fire prevention standards continued to teach the hard learned lessons from fires at mines such as Cargill Salt Mine, Belle Isle, Louisiana and the Sunshine Mine at Kellogg, Idaho. The new Act of 1977 required at least four complete inspections of all coal and non coal underground mines and two f all surface mines each year. Among other important changes the new law provided for procedures to speed up the regulation making process and stronger ways force compliance with Federal health and safety standards. This included increased capability of dealing with the most dangerous mine hazards, increased emphasis on protection of miners healt h, greater involvement of miners or their representatives in processes affecting worker health and safety, and improved procedures for assessing and collecting civil penalties imposed for violating mine health or safety requirements. Mine accidents have declined greatly in both number and severity as a result of years of research, technology, education, and preventive programs. During my career mine accidents resulting in five or more deaths are no longer common. One thing remains the same preventing the recurrence of disasters like those of the past remains a top priority requiring constant attention by management, labor, and government. The Sago Mine disaster was a coal mine explosion that had occurred on January 2, 2006, the Sago Mine was located in West Virginia. The explosion had trapped 13 men for nearly two ays with only one miner surviving. It was the worst mining disaster in the West Virginia since the 1968 Farmington Mine disaster that killed 78 people. The previous year the mine had been cited by the MSHA 208 times for violating regulations, and had a history of roof falls. Violations had included failure to follow the approved roof control and mine ventilation plans and problems concerning emergency e scape ways and required pre-shift safety examinations. The explosion occurred at approximately 6:30 a. m. at the beginning of the first shift after the mine reopened after New years holiday weekend. An examination conducted at 5:50 am by a mine fire boss had cleared the mine for use. Two man buses of miners were making their way into the mine to begin work. Early reports noted that there was a thunderstorm in the area at the time and suggested a lightening strike near the mine entrance may have ignited methane but no one reported seeing such a strike. Sensors from the U. S. National Lightning Detection Network indicated at least two lightning strikes near the mine. Another early theory was that lightning struck a methane well that had previously been drilled from the surface to an area behind the seals. Methane wells are used to extract methane from coal seams and sometimes from sealed areas when methane levels are high. Fourteen men on the second man bus escaped the initial explosion. The 12 trapped miners were on the first man bus which apparently passed the point where the explosion occurred. The foreman on the second trip whose brother was among those trapped the mine superintendent and three others entered the mine to rescue the trapped miners. They into the mine until gas detectors indicated there was too much carbon monoxide to continue. Although they were false reports of he 12 miners found alive there were only 1 Randal Mcloy jr. Randal McCloy Jr. wrote a letter to the families of the victims. McCloy wrote that three weeks before the explosion he and Junior Toler while drilling a bolt hole a gas pocket which detectors confirmed the presence of methane. He said they immediately shut down the roof bolter and the incident was reported up the line to our superiors. He stated he noticed the following day that the gas leak had been plugged with glue normally used to secure the bolts. On the day of the explosion just after exiting the man trip the mine filled quickly with umes and thick smoke and that breathing conditions were nearly unbearable and that at least four of the emergency oxygen packs were not functioning. He shared his rescuer with Jerry Groves, while Toler, Jesse Jones and Tom Anderson sought help from others. He said they were not enough rescuers to go around. Because of the bad air they had to abandon their escape attempt and return to the coal rib where we hung a curtain to try to protect ourselves. The curtain created an enclosed area of about 35 feet. They attempted to signal their location to the surface by beating on the mine bolts and plates. That effort caused them to breathe much harder and use more oxygen. After becoming exhausted they stopped trying to signal. The air behind the curtain grew worse so he tried to lie as low as possible and take shallow breaths he said he could tell that it was gassy. According to McCloy, Toler and Anderson tried to find a way out. The heavy smoke and fumes caused them to quickly return. There was just so much gas. At that point the miners began to accept their fate. Toler led them all in the Sinners prayer. They prayed a little longer then someone suggested that they each write letters to their loved ones. He said he became very dizzy and lightheaded and that some drifted off into what appeared to be a deep sleep and one person sitting near him collapsed and fell off his bucket not moving. It was clear that there was nothing he could do to help him. The last person he remember speaking to was Jackie Weaver who reassured him that if it were their time to go then God’s will would be fulfilled. As my trapped coworkers lost consciousness one by one the room grew still and he continued to sit and wait unable to do much else. He have no idea how much time went by before he also passed out from the gas and smoke, awaiting escue. There we many investigation which came up with possible theorys as followed:Lightning strike and seismic activity, Use of foam rather than concrete seals, Proximity with active gas and oil wells, Sparks from restarting machinery after holiday. After the disaster there were many provision that would, mandate equipment to communicate with miners, locate miners, a nd provide sufficient caches of air, Rescue teams must be staffed and on site, Operators must notify the MSHA immediately when there is an accident, Any coal operator who fails to do so will be ubject to a $100,000 fine and/or 12 to 15 years imprisonment, The bill would mandate a rapid notification and response system, The bill would create a new mandatory minimum penalty of $10,000 for coal operators that show negligence or reckless disregard for the safety standards of the Mine Act,The bill would nullify an MSHA rule issued in 2004 that authorizes the use of belt entries for ventilation, which may have caused fire in another accident at Alma, The bill would create a science and technology transfer office in MSHA to pull research and development ideas rom other federal agencies for use in the mines,The bill would create an ombudsman in the Labor Department’s Inspector General office for miners to report safety violations. Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response (MINER) A ct after the Sago and Darby Mine explosions in 2005 and 2006 I have read many notes left to the families of the miners trapped in disaster not only this one and we keep one posted on our mine rescue station door to remind us why we are doing what we do he is the letter: Ellen, darling, goodbye for us both. Elbert said the Lord has saved him. Do the best you can with the children. We are all praying for air to support us, but it is getting so bad without any air. Horace, Elbert said for you to wear his shoes and clothing. It is now 1/2 past 1:00. Powell Harmon’s watch is in Andy Woods’ hand. Ellen, I want you to live right and come to heaven. Little Elbert said he trusted in the Lord. The bad air is closing in on us fast. Dear Ellen, I leave you in bad condition, but set your trust in the Lord to help you raise my little children. Elbert said for you all to meet him in heaven, for all of the children to meet us both. Raise the children the best you can. Oh how I wish to be with you. Goodbye, all of you, Goodbye. Bury me and Elbert in the same grave by little Eddie. Goodbye Ellen, Goodbye Lillie, Goodbye Jimmie, Goodbye Minnie, Goodbye Horace. Oh God, for one more breath. Ellen, remember me as long as you live. Goodbye darling. It is 25 minutes after 2:00. There are few of us alive yet. Jake and Elbert. The Aracoma Mine accident had happened when a conveyor belt in the Aracoma Mine No. 1 at Logan WV caught fire. The conveyor belt ignited on the morning of January 19, 2006, pouring smoke through the gaps in the Stopping line and into the intake that the miners were supposed to se for their escape, obscuring their vision and ultimately leading to the death of two of them. If the stoppings had been in place they would have prevented any smoke from the conveyor belt to the intake the primary source of air for workers inside the mine. Instead investigators now believe, smoke flooded into the air intake, which also serves as an escape route, disorienting two of the min ers, who became lost and died in the fire. The two men, Ellery Hatfield, 47 and Don Bragg, 33, died of carbon monoxide poisoning when they became separated from 10 other members of their crew. The others held hands and edged through the air intake amid dense smoke. As the federal agency that conducts research to advance mine safety and personal protective technologies, moves the results of research to workplace practice, and tests and certifies respirators for workplace use, NIOSH is working with diverse partners to plan, support, and carry out research that addresses those needs. Areas of focus include:Innovative designs for SCSRs that will provide air to users for longer durations. NIOSH is interested in new technologies for training that simulates actual respirator use. Realistic training that can be done frequently and efficiently will improve miners’ ability to escape. Changes in requirements for evaluating and testing SCSRs . Collaboration with the Mine Safety and Health Administration to update current training modules for donning SCSRs. Updates will incorporate guidance on the donning of multiple SCSRs during an emergency escape, reflecting new requirements under the MINER Act of 2006. Those provisions require mine operators to provide individual miners with immediate access to at least two SCSRs, and to store extra units along escape ways. Aracoma brought about more of training and provision to strengthen their ability to inspect better and enforce laws and regulations in place such as:better tools for cracking down on companies with patterns of violations, stronger protections for whistle blowers, stiffer criminal penalties and quick fix injunctive relief that would let the Department of Labor act decisively against an operator when it identifies an immediate threat The Upper Big Branch Mine disaster occurred on April 5, 2010 underground at Massey Energys Upper Big Branch mine at in Raleigh County, West Virginia. Twenty nine out of thirty one miners at the site were killed. The explosion occurred at 3:27 pm. The accident was the worst in the U. S. since 1970. High methane levels were detected and subsequently an explosion from an unknown source occurred. Twenty five men were initially killed. Four days later the four missing men were found dead for a total of 29 deaths. While investigations is still ongoing, officials have speculated that it may have been caused by a spark from a mantrip. Due to the large area and concentration of toxic gases mine rescue teams were able to enter and kept getting ulled out delaying rescue and recovery efforts until holes were drilled for ventilation. They were many problems in the past with violations as with many mine who have had disasters miners were scared some even left notes before the explosion and due to the size of the explosion there had to be large amounts of dust as well as methane of course Massey is denying their responsibility they have already prosecuted some officials I would write more on this disaster that we all have heard many reports and are familiar with this disaster but I do not wish to speculate ore until the investigations are complete and I am stating facts instead of opinions I would not like to speculate on something that has effected so many lives of my fellow miners and their families. Although they have not really been any changes in laws and since the Upper Big Branch explosion other than the non-combustible material has raised to 80% or better in returns instead of 60%. Since the April 2010 explosion the safety agency has also ramped up enforcement created new mine safety screening procedures and conducting 228 impact inspections at mines with poor safety records or other warning signs of problems. The agencys new screening procedures were put in place after officials discovered that a computer error had allowed Upper Big Branch to evade heightened scrutiny. The agency has also proposed new safety rules that would result in speedier enforcement for mines that have shown a pattern of serious violations. The Monongah Mine disaster of Monongah, West Virginia occurred on December 6, 1907 and is labeled as the worst mining disaster in American History. The explosion was said to be caused by the ignition of methane which ignited the coal dust in mines number 6 and 8, killing hundreds of workers. Rescue workers could only work in the mines for 15 minutes due to the lack of breathing equipment. Some of those workers also perished due to suffocation caused by methane oxidation. The lives of 362 or more workers including children were lost in the underground explosion, leaving 250 widows and more than 1000 children fatherless. The exact death toll remains unknown. The worst of the explosion occurred in the No. 8 mine and so great was its force that the concrete roof of the engine house was torn into fragments and one piece weighing more than 100 pounds was blown more than 500 yards. The victims came to their deaths suddenly. Many were found sitting upright in the positions they were in when the explosion came with its spread of deadly gases. The scenes at the mines during the work of rescue were pitiful in the extreme. For several days frantic women grouped about the opening of the mines and their shrieks of agony were enough to move the hardest heart to pity. Grief stricken mothers, wives, sweethearts and sisters waited and watched and cried and prayed. Although the village of Monongah was unprepared for the disaster relief work was quick nd effective. Relief parties were rapidly formed and additional forces were hurried from Fairmont and adjacent cities and towns. But with a few exceptions there was no need for the physician and the rescuer -death to those in the mines came fully and suddenly and without suffering. The mine officials as well as the officials of the B. O. Railroad Company took an active part in the relief and many acts of bravery were performe d by the volunteers who entered the mines in search of the victims. Appeal for funds with which to carry on the relief work mong the families of those who perished met with a quick response. The sole survivor of the blast was Peter Urban. He found a small foxhole to climb out before the toxic gases reached him. Some believe that several other men escaped with him but there is little evidence to validate that. Although they are some difference in these explosions they are similarities between them. Most of them the true cause may never be known. Many of them had also been repeat offenders of violations. From all mining disasters they have been new laws or regulations with stiffer compliance, improved training and technology. If you couldnt tell from the Upper Big Branch you can see that when a disaster happens in the mines West Virginia supports each other all miners are familys and close and we support each other. Although the mining industry remains dangerous we have took great strides for improved safety and will continue to pursue that goal, not only have we made great strides in the mining but also in Mine Rescue from training and equipment improvements and hopefully many more will come in to be better prepared to save the lives of fellow miners if such a disaster was to happen again.

Alexander essays

Alexander essays Before the mighty Romans, the French, British and U.S. There was one man and his army which laid the blueprints of warfare and managed to take over most of the known world, if not all of it along the way. The army of Alexander the Great was one of the greatest armies the world has ever seen. This was due to unprecedented discipline, tactics/weaponry and the leadership of an amazing general. If Alexanders army were modernized, it would be the ultimate war machine. To win a battle one needs weapons and troops (amongst other things). But to be truly effective and potent one must be able to control the troops in order to be triumphant. Alexanders army is a perfect example of flawless control of soldiers. The discipline within this army was so great and so proscribed it was almost a dream. It started with Alexanders father King Philip, who was the first to start making the job of the soldier a well paying job. Before men would join up until crop season then drop out to grow crops. This was somewhat of a pain because they could only fight a war nine months a year, then go home for crop season. So Philip decided to make military a profession. By doing this a majority of the men stayed all year. This brought unity and brotherhood to the army and allowed the men to be drilled on a regular basis. The soldiers were now becoming ultimate fighting machines. Unfortunately Philip died before the mens true discipline could be tested. Once Alexander came i nto power, the soldiers were put to the test. They passed with flying colours. These men proved to be unbreakable, holding their ground no matter what the odds (which were normally heavily out numbered). But it wasnt like they were matching up against some crazy barbarians who would march to their own beat; they were fighting other well-trained armies far larger and equally equipped as them. They still had that edge of super-discipline that no...

Domestic and international HRM policies and practices Essay

Domestic and international HRM policies and practices - Essay Example historical development of SHRM, originated in succession with the paternalist view point, personnel, human relations, industrial relations & personnel management, HRM, SHRM and was succeeded by IHRM (Ryan, 2005; Hall & Hitch, 1939). However, Dickman goes on to state that "it is necessary to go beyond strategy and structure to focus on processes to begin to understand how sophisticated international HRM may contribute to increased efficiency, responsiveness and innovativeness." (2001: 1) Ryan (2005) states that the HRM mantra achieves five key variables these being: flatter structures, cohesive cultures, strong leadership, productivity through people and customer focus. In practice HRM is largely third position on the managerial agenda (Ryan, 2005:5). In short, HRM is concerned with the management of people, the employer-employee relationship or labour regulation which has existed since the first form of formal organisation (Kamoche, 2001). HRM is also seen as the differentiating factor between successful and unsuccessful organisations, more important than technology or finance in achieving a competitive advantage. This is more so in the service sector throughout the UK (Marchington & Wilkinson, 2005). HRM is predominately undertaken by an organisation to operate its human resources successfully and includes: planning, staffing, performance management training and development, compensation and industrial relations. However, there is much heated debate and scepticism put forward on whether HRM is differentiated from personnel management and industrial relations, as some claim HRM makes apparent the contemporary reality of today's competitive environment (Beardwell et al. 2004). Regardless of the continuing debate, it is generally accepted that the functional... HRM is predominately undertaken by an organization to operate its human resources successfully and includes: planning, staffing, performance management training and development, compensation and industrial relations. However, there is much-heated debate and skepticism put forward on whether HRM is differentiated from personnel management and industrial relations, as some claim HRM makes apparent the contemporary reality of today’s competitive environment (Beardwell et al. 2004). Regardless of the continuing debate, it is generally accepted that the functional responsibility traditionally falls under the HRM umbrella. It also involves the integration of goals throughout the firm, with the employer committed to the value of human labor (Guest, 1987). One must recognize that HRM practices are used in every organization to manage employee issues, but the degree of use varies. Nonetheless, HRM originated as a US based concept with the ‘Michigan model’ being the first o f its kind (Warner & Joynt, 2002).The economic growth of the 1990’s was associated with multinational companies (MNCs) and FDI expansion as 53,000 MNC’s controlled 450,000 subsidiaries, accounting for 25% of world output in developed economies and now the figures have risen extraordinarily. The organization of economic cooperation and development (OECD) concede that FDI has exonerated and achieved record levels of inflow and outflows as capital movement is not restricted (Beardwell et al. 2004).

Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media - Essay Example ‘Hot’ media was descriptive of elements of the mass media such as radio, newspapers and magazines. These media types give a lot of information to the reader or listener but do not give room for a lot of sensory involvement or completion on the part of the listener or reader. What McLuhan described as "cool" media included media sources like television as well as the telephone or television. Due to the fact that these devices do not give as much information as the radio or newspaper, they have to exact a stronger sensory â€Å"hold† on the attention of their users so as to remain relevant. McLuhan was especially engrossed with the effect of the television, which was just then gaining popularity, on its regular viewers. He was even more enthralled when later research established that television actually affects viewers by supporting them in developing passive brain wave patterns. Each mediums form is connected with a different understanding where the senses are conc erned and so expose the consumer to different experiences. These experiences or alterations of perceptions form the basis of the general message’s meaning. McLuhan had a broad definition for the word ‘media’. He perceived it as â€Å"any technology that ... forms extensions of the human senses as well as body†.2 McLuhan correlated parts of the body with technological parts so as to give a better characterisation of how he perceived technology. For instance, he felt that clothing was simply an extension of the skin, while the book could be said to be an extension of the eye. McLuhan felt that these industrial extensions could in fact intensify a specific human sense while the remaining other four were disregarded. Therefore, technology, according to McLuhan, interfered with people’s sensory balance, which then affected the emotional responses of the larger human society. This process, according to McLuhan, could be viewed as being the unintended caus e of all the principal cultural shifts that have typified eras of human history like the industrial age or the renaissance. McLuhan believed that human beings adapt to their environment by way of given balances, and that the main medium used in each age unearths a distinct sense ratio. McLuhan perceived every medium as being an exaggeration of one of the human faculties. He even believed that the human central nervous system is represented in the electric circuitry. It was McLuhan’s believe that in the prehistoric era, humankind existed in the perfect condition in which all of man’s senses functioned together in perfect synchronisation. In his words, â€Å"prior to the discovery of the phonetic alphabet, humankind existed in a world where all the five senses were simultaneous and balanced; this was a world of filled with resonance as well as tribal depth†.3 Humankind, according to McLuhan, lived in a space that was devoid of margins or even a centre. The only wa y through which preliterate people could exchange ideas was through speech. In essence, all information

The Importance of Photosynthesis and Respiration Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Photosynthesis and Respiration Essay The Importance of Photosynthesis and Respiration Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are linked in order to provide you with energy from the food you eat: Photosynthesis is the process in which certain life forms are able to use sunlight to create energy. This energy is created by making carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll. Plants release large amounts of oxygen into the atmosphere as they produce much more than needed during the photosynthesis process. Aerobic respiration is an important process in life as we know it. This process further breaks down molecules and sugars using oxygen. During this process adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is created, used to store and transfer energy to cells throughout the body. (Aerobic respiration, 2010) Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration are both needed for each other to be able to perform their primary functions. One without the other would not work properly. Between both of these processes we receive three main sources; water, carbon dioxide and oxygen. Plants and animals require all three of these in order to live. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are a lot like a circle. Animals need oxygen to live and emit carbon dioxide, while plants need carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates and omit oxygen, thus completing the circle. (Photosynthesis, 2005) During the photosynthesis stage a plant produces oxygen that aerobic respiration will use in order to break molecules, during this process electrons are released creating energy and a substance called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is created. Through ATP, complex molecules are broken down into simple ones, allowing them to be used appropriately. (Photosynthesis, 2005) In the absence of oxygen some cells and organisms can use glycolysis coupled to fermentation to produce energy from the sugar created by photosynthesis: Fermentation allows for the production of energy without oxygen using organic compounds. Fermentation produces ATP with organic compounds like carbohydrates as the electron acceptor instead of oxygen, although less than cellular respiration. Yeast and muscle cells are capable of both cellular respiration and fermentation to harvest energy. When yeast cells are in a non-oxygen placement, the cells are forced to ferment. This is partially what it means when brewers ferment there beer. Our bodies use cellular respiration, to produce ATP, as our primary source of energy during normal activity. Although when we exert large amounts of energy all at once like running sprints would do, the normal cellular respiration would be unable to keep up with the required amount of oxygen to create ATP, therefore fermentation begins to assist making ATP. Cells use enzymes as biological catalysts to increase or accelerate the rate of reactions, such as those in photosynthesis or glycolysis. This allows reactions to occur under conditions that sustain life: An enzyme is simply a catalyst; also something extra that’s only purpose is to speed a process up that would otherwise take a very long time. Our bodies have copious amounts of these enzymes whose only purpose is to speed up needed reactions and bonds between separate chemicals throughout the body. This bonding process is completed through what is known as enzyme substrate interactions. (Enzyme, 2005) An enzyme-substrate is most easily explained as being an extremely specific key whole in which only a specific enzyme has access to, allowing that enzyme to enter the key whole and pushing to molecules into one. An enzyme-substrate complex substrate undergoes a chemical reaction forming a new product. The substrate still has the ability to break away from the enzyme at this point allowing it the ability to form with a different substrate. An enzyme product is simply a solution. The eventual mating of two chemicals to bond together forms a new enzyme product. Enzyme activity is regulated a couple of different ways, one is known as allosteric inhibition and the other is known as competitive inhibition. Competitive inhibitors bind with the active site forcing the substrate to compete with it, hence the title competitive inhibition. Allosteric inhibition is when an ion bonds to something physically on the enzyme, no on the site, changing the shape of the enzyme. (Enzyme, 2005)? References Aerobic respiration. (2010). In The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather guide. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com. proxy. cecybrary. com/entry/heliconhe/aerobic_respiration Enzyme. (2005). In The American Heritage Science Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com. proxy. cecybrary. com/entry/hmsciencedict/enzyme Photosynthesis. (2005). In The American Heritage Science Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com. proxy. cecybrary. com/entry/hmsciencedict/photosynthesis

After coming to America Essay -- Essays Papers

After coming to America All people seem to want the same basic things out of life regardless of race or religion. Universally, people want a good job, a healthy family, and a chance for their children to have a better life than the one they have. Families that already possess these things, whether through their own hard work or merely by way of inheritance, rely on the existing power structures within society to ensure that their future happiness continues . But what do people who do not belong to existing power structures turn to in order to secure these things for their families and children? During the course of America's lifetime, million upon millions of people left their homes and families in other countries and traveled to America in the hope of securing a better life -- the American Dream. What they often found was an unwillingness on the part of those already established in America to share society's benefits with them. For many segments of our American society, people substituted a reliance on family, or friends, or even faith alone, to secure these benefits for themselves and their children that was denied them by those possessing economic and political power. Most blacks came to America involuntarily. Sold as slaves in Africa, they were brought to America as laborers. Being slaves, they were legally considered property and thus were excluded from the legal protections that other people living in America were entitled to. Slave marriages were not legally recognized, and parents and children could be separated at the whim of their owners. As Frederick Douglass and countless other narratives by former slaves have shown us, slaves were forced to rely on a network of extended family members and other slaves to ... ...f ethnic communities that make up our cities is a testament to that reliance on friends that supported these groups of immigrants. While relying on friends and community would ensure that their family was both fed and that they had a place to sleep, faith is what kept hope alive in them from day to day. Faith that, one day, society would allow their children to fully participate in this country. And sometimes, as Thomas Aquinas told us, faith is all we have to have. Works Cited Boroff, David. "A Little Milk, a Little Honey: Jewish Immigrants in America." 1966. Oates. 87-97. Burns, James MacGregor. "Reconstruction: The Revolution that Failed." 1981. Oates. 20-29. Foner, Eric. "From Slavery to Freedom: The Birth of the Modern Black Community. 1990. Oates. 4-16. Oates, Stephen B., Ed. Portrait of America. Sixth Ed. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1995.

The Decline of the West

These changes could happen from one day to another. How do you tell your family that their economic situation, all of a sudden, has changed because of your new status as unemployed? Especially when family the family is accustomed to the idea of living the sweet life. The Decline of the West† from 201 0 is about a man who experiences the difficult problems of the economic decline. In the short story â€Å"The Decline of the West†, the narrator Mike lives with his family in the outskirts of London. He just got fired and is now on his way home to pass the news of his recent dismissal.Mike used to work 12 hours a day, but despite the fact that Mike now is unemployed, he looks forward to spent time with his family. He has a rough time tying to tell the truth, and so he ends up arguing with his wife and sons instead. The main character of the short story is Mike. He is a 45-year;old man, father of two, and has until now been working in corporate finance. Mike is a hardworking man, who has provided his family with a lovely house in safe surroundings, plenty of material benefits, and an AU pair, who can take care of the house when he is not there.Mike barely sees his family, and admits lankly that the AU pair sees more to his family than he does himself. â€Å"The AU pair saw more of his house and family than he did -â€Å"1 . The sweet welcoming Mike imagined was far from reality. When Mike arrives home, his wife, Imagine, does not even take the time to say hallo to her husband, but simply just passes him by with a gin and tonic mentioning going up stairs to take a shower. â€Å"Imagine passed him in the hall carrying a gin and tonic, saying she was going upstairs to have a bath†2 This indicates that the marriage might not be as warm and loving as one may think.Mike's marriage does not seem to go well. Imagine is not acknowledging Mike, nor is she interested in him. â€Å"Is it attention you're after? † 3 Mike sees himself as a man that gi ves all he can ever Offer to his family, but they are never satisfied. â€Å"l paid for this with my time, intelligence, and the education the state provided me with†4. Mike's view on him self stands in sharp contrast to the adverse image we get of him from the dialogues. The contrast especially becomes clear in the argument between Mike and his older son, Tom. â€Å"Are you joking? You've done nothing for me† . As the argument is developing it proves out that the children, and the mother or that matter, is very unrealistic when it comes to economy and money. No matter how much they get, it is never enough. Mike has always given his children exactly what they wanted, despite the fact that their joy never lasted long. â€Å"The kids had stopped using it before he'd hardly begun paying for it†6. The narrator in the short story is a first person narrator with a limited point of view to the father. By this we get an insight in the fathers thoughts and speculations. He believed he was good at giving things up†7. We see everything from his point of view, so we have therefore have a colored view n the story. The story is written with the use of Pats. We, as a reader, feel sympathy for Mike. Imagine and the children seem greedy and ungrateful. They are products of the capitalistic consumer society. They are all against Mike and he himself takes position as the victim. He appears to be alone with the knowledge of his famish future situation; however, he does not have the courage to face the consequences.Instead he tries to avoid them. Mike does become wiser on his family unrealistic luxurious lifestyle throughout the story. That happens when he notices Queen Elizabeth Sis's crooked smile on a tote. â€Å"How had he never noticed what a sardonic little Mona Lisa smile the blinded-up monarch wore, mocking even, as if she pitied the vanity and greed the note inspired†8. In the world at large, money is what we worship. We are willingly sac rificing the bond with our family to pursue wealth. Mike has never needed anything in his life.As his father said â€Å"Mike you've been stalked by good fortune your whole life† 9. Now that he is unemployed, he suddenly seems to have lost control of his emotions and life. For a moment he even considers to leave this world and all the financial troubles behind. â€Å"How easy t was to fall, and how tempting it was -? suddenly would be best – to die! † 1 0 First of all â€Å"The Decline of the West' refers to the Collapse of Wall Street in 2008, which had a huge impact on the life of millions of people in the West.The western countries are currently in a critic financial situation. Our society, build upon capitalism and materialism demolished when the nation began to spend more than they could afford. This theme is evident throughout the story. Mike reflects on the lifestyle he, and many others had led in the past couple of years. He considers whether the financi al crisis is a penalty for this. [†¦ ]Nonetheless, like many people, Mike had also worried whether the present catastrophe was punishment for years of extravagance and self- indulgence;[†¦ â€Å"11 The title could also be interpreted as a reference to a moral decline of the modern family. The values of love, and closeness are being replaced by the desire to posses and own everything you could ever dream Of. The love for material has taken over the love for our fellow men. We forget about all that really matters and we are only focusing on buying the latest gadgets and promoting our economical status. The grotesque overcorrection and insatiable love for material goods might have caused severe damage to our traditional social values.Mike and his family is an example of this propensity, so the title might as well refer to the social regression in our culture. The financial crisis has resulted in lots of critical problems, but maybe a financial crisis was exactly what we need ed? This could be a break from our unrealistic expenditure. Money can buy you many things, but the happiness from it is limited. Money can buy you lots and lots of material goods, still eventually you will no longer feel the same excitement bout your purchase.Just like the kids in the short story, you will sooner or later cast-off your bought stuff and set your goals up for a new investment. Money can offer things to make people happy, but it does not mean that money can buy you true happiness. Poor people on the street huddling together to stay warm, that is care, which brings out true happiness. Their situation would improve with a little money, however, in the short story where a wealthy family that cannot live together, where is their happiness? Where is the love? Money cannot buy happiness, nor love.

Christopher Marlowes Dr. Faustus - The Folly of Dr. Faustus

Christopher Marlowes Dr. Faustus - The Folly of Dr. Faustus Christopher Marlowes tragedy of Dr. Faustus envelops a realm of theological issues around one mans quest for knowledge. Feeling a university education to be inadequate for his purposes, Faustus makes the ultimate sacrifice possible to quench his thirst for otherworldly wisdom. Yet even though he gains amazing powers and a broad reputation as a man in the know, his quest is incomplete. He actually learns very little. The nature of knowledge involves both the ability to recall facts, dates, events etc. and also the power to assimilate this new information and assign it the appropriate value. When Faustus signs away his soul to Lucifer to gain the service of†¦show more content†¦This is a very subtle debasing of the powers of Faustus that seem to cause him no notice. Perhaps he feels that Mephastophilis exists as such a part of himself that he feels no qualms about taking credit for Mephastophilis actions. To whomever the power may belong, it is Faustus who reaps the benefits. I see many similarities today in the temptation to cheat or plagiarize. Surviving in college consists of constantly adding to ones knowledge base. While there probably are not many students who sign away their souls, there are many that give in to passing off someone elses knowledge as their own. This may be an easy way to get a good grade or impress a professor and one may never pay a penalty, yet our tuition price is basically an exchange of knowledge for money and by not taking advantage of every learning opportunity, we are wasting our own cash. We as Christians are called to honesty, and copying or cheating is certainly not honest. Dr. Faustus has ample opportunity after the contract in which to prove his wisdom through repentance. Sadly, pride obscures his view of several signs that show that the Lord would hear his cries. His first unheeded indication is the direction to fly formed by the congealing blood on his arm. The nervous haste with which Lucifer appears whenever Faustus begins thinking or speaking about God should have alerted the doctor to GodsShow MoreRelatedDr.Faustus as a Tragedy Relevant to All Times1186 Words   |  5 Pagesbad characteristics. The protagonist is socially active, intelligent and a learned man. A tragic play entails both verbal and dramatic irony. Dr. Faustus was perhaps the most well written tragedy of its times and happens to remain so till date. Christopher Marlowe is the founder and the originator of the mature English tragedy. Written in 1586, Dr. Faustus is a part of the age that was famous unprecedented literary activity in England, especially drama. Insofar as the signif icance of the formulationRead MoreA Divided Self: The Many Facets of Faustus2074 Words   |  9 PagesHaving attained all that he desires from the knowledge of man, Marlowe’s character Faustus turns to the only remaining school of thought that he feels he must master which is the art of necromancy. In his pursuits, he manages to summon the devil Mephistopheles, arch demon of hell, and strikes a deal to trade his immortal soul with Lucifer in exchange for being granted an infinite amount of power and knowledge that extends even beyond the limits of human understanding. However in the process of negotiatingRead MoreFaustus, By Dr. Faustus2669 Words   |  11 Pagesoutset, Dr. Faustus is in his study contemplating what academic discipline is the most fulfilling. He reviews a number of disciplines in his mind, such as logic and medicine (which he believes he is already adequately distinguished in), and law and theology (which he believes to have inherent inadequacies). Dr. Faus tus’s route from religion to magic seems to be forcedly cobbled together in order to elicit a certain emotion towards sophists as a whole, and Marlowe laboriously thrusts Dr. Faustus intoRead More Supernatural in Shakespeare’s The Tempest And Marlowe’s The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus3393 Words   |  14 PagesThe Supernatural in Shakespeare’s The Tempest And Marlowe’s The Tragical History of D. Faustus The supernatural forces are at once alike and distinct in Shakespeare’s The Tempest and in Marlowe’s The Tragical History of D. Faustus. The supernatural is kind to Prospero and his daughter Miranda in The Tempest, while the devils in Dr Faustus eagerly wait for the day that Faustus would join them in Hell. In both plays, the supernatural provides recurrent waves of sounds and feelings, lending special